The dairy farm – feral pigeon (Columba livia domestica) study system. A. A map of the Mediterranean and Israel’s position; B. A focal map of the three study sites within Israel; Mevo Horon being the most rural, Ma’ale Hahamisha is intermediately rural, and Mikve Israel is urban (hereafter Mevo, Maale and Mikve, respectively). C. Pigeon tagging and banding. Color-bands enable individual identification in the field. A subset of individuals were equipped with GPS-GSM transmitters in a backpack configuration. Photo credit: Orr Spiegel.

 
 
  Part of: Crafton MM, Lublin A, Cahani S, Rauer L, Spiegel O (2025) Association between movement patterns, microbiome diversity, and potential pathogens of feral pigeons in dairy farms. Individual-based Ecology 1: e146376. https://doi.org/10.3897/ibe.1.146376