Understanding and predicting how ecological systems will respond to rapidly changing and novel conditions is a key task of modern ecology. Individual-based Ecology (IBE) embraces basic and applied, as well as empirical and theoretical research, as theory and models must emerge from real situations and provide answers that can support mitigation and management decisions. IBE, therefore, invites theoretical and empirical contributions that incorporate data or novel insights about individual organisms and their interactions that are relevant for explaining system-level dynamics and responses to ongoing and accelerating change.